It's actually a pretty basic content slider, but well executed and designed. It's often referred to as a 'Coda Slider' (search on those terms and you'll find dozens of relevant links) due to the fact that one of the first well-known examples of such a slider was on the website of Coda, the one-page-coding-software-tool-thingie from Panic (www.panic.com, great software by the way :-)). You'll easily find tons of scripts and examples of this kind of slider animations build on Jquery, but here's a few to give you a heads start:
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cssglobe.com
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blog.themeforest.net
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jqueryfordesigners.com
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plugins.jquery.com